Does Money Buy a Better Education?

I just listened to the most recent episode of EdPod, ABC Radio National’s monthly roundup of education issues. In the current episode, interviewer Natasha Mitchell and corporate lawyer David Gillespie discuss the question: “does money buy a better quality education?” Gillespie, father of six, decides to select public education for his six children, having worked out that it would cost him over a million dollars to send all six children to private schools. 

I found Gillespie’s argument and research fascinating. The program touches on a range of vexed issues in current education policy, and it was refreshing to hear an argument that is, at least, focused more on research than ideology. The emphasis on “macro” or metadata is very much in line with the work of John Hattie and others, who attempt to look at literally thousands of studies (culminating in sample sizes of millions) to establish statistical significance or otherwise. As always, I think there is a danger in relying on quantitative data too much; we run the risk of missing important, context-relevant insights. I’d also argue that when parents select schools for their kids, the context of the individual school is very important. This isn’t always reflected in the metadata. 
 
To illustrate his argument, Gillespie uses the analogy of a flight to London. When flying, passengers have the choice of economy (government schools), business (Catholic schools) or first-class (wealthy, independent schools). Regardless of the passengers’ choices, all are on the same flight; all arrive safely at their destination at the same time. To illustrate the point further, Gillespie points out that most money spent in education is on teachers – but this is fairly even across the three systems in Australia, so when parents pay for a private education, they are essentially paying for the “extras” – the swimming pools, flashy computers, or, to use the analogy, the “leather seats” of the first class flight. 
 
I think this analogy of the economy, business and first classes “all making it to London” is interesting. At the same time, I found this analogy highly flawed. While everyone might get to London, one person could arrive to find himself starving on the streets, while another checks into the Hilton. Have they both really “got there?” While academic outcomes can be useful to demonstrate a student’s success in school, I think there may be better measurements of success that factor in the post-school competencies and opportunities for every young adult.
 
Of course, the elephant in the room is socio-economics. Gillespie suggests that the private school rates of success are not down to SES or necessarily the quality of the teachers; rather, they exist because high calibre students are “herded” into these environments. Sure, many now argue that the teacher is more important than the school’s SES, but NSW government schools still do their own “herding,” whether in relation to catchment areas or the same kind of talent herding (and brain drain for surrounding schools) in the state selective school environments. As a parent, I may have little choice about the state school to which I send my child (more so if I’m struggling financially or live in a postcode marked by systemic disadvantage). Surely, there are different levels of choice operating here – if a corporate lawyer’s choice to send his children to the local state school is in a different postcode to mine? 
 
Another point to bear in mind is that most teachers in NSW government schools have been “posted” to the school, not hired directly. As such, principals in these schools have often had very little choice about the teachers appointed. By contrast, many Catholic and independent schools closely vet their teachers and attempt to hire teachers that are academically and socially suited to the school. In saying this, I really do support state schools and recognise the importance of transfer points and posting as a means to staff difficult schools. However, a degree of school autonomy that ensures better and more suitable teachers throughout the school is equally worth considering, and the way forward is probably more “both/and” than “either/or.”
 
If you’re a parent or teacher, you may find this segment of the program really worth the ten or so minutes of listening. 

Technology – “Just a Tool?”

I was having a conversation with a friend the other day discussing her experiences studying an Education Masters degree in the late 90s. She noted that a professor she had held in high esteem really helped her to keep a healthy perspective on the role of technology in education:

“Right from early on, she kept telling us ‘technology is just a tool.’ I think that became an important reminder throughout my research and I’ve carried that view into the classroom. Technology really is just a tool.

Many of us have often encountered similar viewpoints, and on one level, it’s very easy to accept statements like these. Historically, the late 90s and early 2000s were a time of enormous change as the touted “information super highway” became about much more than just information storage and retrieval. As we began to explore the read/write web, our experience of technology was as much shaped by our participation as by our access to information. In many ways, we’ve become the technology; it expresses our identity to the world, shapes our perspectives and transforms our experiences.

Of course, in education, there was (and still is) a knee-jerk reaction to the hype, hence the need to regard technology as simply a “tool.” This is understandable. Given objections that, for example, technology might be used as a substitute for good pedagogy, why not pigeonhole technology into the toolshed and focus on what’s important? 

Of course, pedagogy is – and will always be – important. But in essence, what is pedagogy? Adult educator Malcolm Knowles famously defined pedagogy as “the art and science of education,” a definition now widely accepted among the global education community. It’s a nice binary – art suggests capricious, free thinking and creativity “in the moment,” while science suggests cold, hard objectivity, rationality and critical thinking. Put them together and you certainly have an interesting mix. But where does this leave technology as “just a tool?” Modern (post 1950s!) pedagogical approaches like reciprocal teaching, teacher-student self-verbalisation, real-time collaboration and project-based learning are so entwined with technology that they’re shaped and enhanced by its use. To see technology solely as a tool suggests that these pedagogies are somehow removed. 

Today, there was some real buzz on the web about Da Vinci’s famous “piano-cello,” an instrument designed by the artist but never properly “invented,” until now.

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv3py3Ap8_Y]

To consider a musical instrument like the piano, cello or piano-cello as “just a tool” seems to be missing the point. Of course, any musical instrument is merely a piece of technology – but when we view instruments like these on another level, we see that the technology has incredible capacity to transform identity, perspectives and experience. The music we create with these tools is so inextricably entwined with the technology. That’s why Da Vinci, Stradivarius and others were so committed to extending their imaginations with the technology of their day as far as humanly possible. 

I don’t believe that technology is, or ever will be, “just a tool.” I’d rather leave that definition to spanners and screwdrivers and get on with dreaming about how future technologies might change the way I teach and learn – and what role I can play in getting there. 

Mapping Bigger Pictures

Last week saw the end of my first year as a teacher at university. Before primary and secondary colleagues reading this think “oh, the life!” I should point out that I’ll be kept quite busy with marking, research, PhD and future planning up until Christmas eve, and I hope to be back in January teaching during the summer school period.

The transition from working mostly with kids to working solely with adults has left an indelible mark on my identity as teacher, albeit a mark that I’m still daily trying to figure out. My students this year were effusive in their praise, and though I know that I could have done better, I’m very lucky to know that I’ve made a difference.

The hardest part is that, at this stage in an academic career, I really can’t separate the layers of my professional identity. In many ways, the school world used to be so separate from real life. My roles were so neatly laid out like a fortnightly timetable; commitments were funnelled into lots of twenty and fifty minutes, separated neatly by chiming bells, buses and uniforms. It seemed in many ways a beautiful little world just carved out for me – finite, structured, made clear. 

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Within this structure, I worked out who I was in reference to the ideas that circulated within that environment. I was considered “innovative” by some because, in spite of the order, I moved outside the immediacy of the school environment, throwing myself into countless hours of dabbling with new technology tools, researching for my Masters, blogging and networking with teachers from around the world. But I always knew that I could come back to the safety and security of the school walls.

Now the structures seem to be shifting. “Self” means father, researcher, student, teacher, lecturer, tutor, cellist, traveller, blogger… Conversations from one area bleed into another, and I find myself helplessly thinking across traditional boundaries (it seems I’m only comfortable when I do, because sticking to one area makes me more consciously aware of what little I know). The world beyond the schoolyard is liberating but scary at the same time. I’ve always been comfortable moving from one skin into the next, so there’s nothing really to be afraid of but it does take some getting used to. It’s the intersections that are the most interesting, so I need to learn to stop trying to be the best at everything and start thinking about how overlapping roles gives me unique perspectives on education. 

I sit down to blog and I’m never quite sure where to position the perspective, how to “think” my way through the writing, what the purpose will be or who I’m supposed to be talking to. The blog itself has to undergo a huge shift, but mapping it out isn’t easy. 

I’m doing my best to map things out as best I can. My supervisor and I sit in his office with a whiteboard and marker, mapping out the chapters of a thesis I’m yet to write. 

2013 09 27 12 44 07

2013 09 27 12 49 20

Meanwhile, I’m continuing to map out the changes in my thinking, planning and research for the future. The world of my classroom involved neat little programs, units and assessment tasks, many of which I’d taught for years on end. Now I’m thrust into a world of mapping much bigger pictures: government policies, national accreditation requirements, collective case studies of seventeen schools, two hundred years of educational theory… 

Academics often talk about juggling their commitment to teaching with research and the pressures of publishing. These last few weeks, I know what they mean; I’m marking 122 assignments, each requiring full attention, careful consideration and detailed feedback. To stay fresh, I intersperse readings on the educational theories of Lev Vygotsky and John Dewey, an intersection I’m hoping to explore in Chapter 2 of my thesis. I’m already getting a sense that teaching and research should be equal guests at the table, so I’m hoping to listen to their conversations more closely. 

At the same time, I’m learning to appreciate pre-service teachers and their world. I’m learning to empathise with their fears of standing up and teaching a class of kids, managing difficult behaviour, finding their first job and making their way in the world. Though it’s been twelve years since I was in their specific shoes, the world is now a different place.

As always, I know that it’s the slight turn of the wheel that often makes the difference to the journey. Like the kid in the video below, I’m trying new things to shift my perspective slightly and see the world differently. Each day is different – and I’m enjoying being me. 

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFXl27z5sIE]

From Teacher to Parent – Why Gender Matters

 

In exactly one month to the day, I’ll be a dad – responsible for bringing someone into the world. My wife made the choice of not knowing the sex of the baby which I’m happy about. Many people comment to the effect of, “that’s great – you’ll love the surprise!” I suppose it’s also about giving the kid a chance to be themselves before we’ve had a chance to work it out and there’s something liberating about that.  

Like all keen parents, we’ve been working around the clock to set up the new space. After numerous trips to shopping centres and factory outlets, we’re reasonably au fait with the range of toys, gadgets, clothes and kiddy creature comforts. My wife complains that everything seems funnelled into the visual categories of bright pink and baby blue; it seems, as a society, we’re still wanting to label our children as boys and girls – and the pink/blue binary seems to suggest that mums and dads are deciding that their child will be recognisable from birth as a boy or girl. Perhaps this also represents some kind of a knee-jerk reaction to the gender freedom movements of the 70s that advocated, for example, the denial of baby dolls for girls as a form of resistance to patriarchy. Perhaps it’s just indelible the way we are. 

My own story of gender is one that is so inextricably linked to my life growing up in a boys’ school and, more recently, my work as a teacher, for the most part, teaching girls. These experiences are a mix of chance, choice and opportunity – but I seem unable to escape the questions that so fundamentally define who I am as a human being and the notion that these questions should guide the way I think and act as a parent or teacher.

My own schooling was galvanising at best and traumatising at worst. A Catholic boys’ school with a strong sporting culture, rugby players six feet tall with teenage stubble, broken voices and menacing scowls ruled the playground like gods. Masculinity was the currency hard-faught for and, for those a little too pale, skinny, articulate, emotional – a little too different – this kind of masculinity was a currency rarely won. Words like faggot, pansy, poof and queer were necessary weapons for asserting yourself over others. Very often, such weapons were used by teachers in positions of power (almost always the gruffly-spoken male teachers that had been hired as role models, usually less capable than many of the female teachers who would later serve as role models for the teacher I wanted to be). These words had hardly anything to do with sexuality (many of the boys who were called “poofs” were heterosexual and, as a quick Facebook survey reveals, now with wives and children to prove it) but  everything to do with how we were supposed to think, behave and interact. It seems as interesting to me now as it did then that the personality traits that so readily had you labelled as homosexual (concern for others’ feelings, admitting you were scared, or wanting to stand up for someone else who was being bullied) were as much, perhaps, about not being close to female as about actually being gay. In between the bullying and the Catholic church’s negative stance on homosexuality and the relative subjugation and glass ceiling of female leaders, I was never very sure where the God of compassion was. As a an extremely shy and anxious kid, I never really had much opportunity to talk to girls let alone work out how boys and girls might, when it all boils down, be more similar than different. 

In this respect, statements like “man up,” “act like a man” and “don’t be a girl” are as much about hiding the traits that might be considered feminine in an effort to be a part of the problem and ignore possible solutions. As many like Tony Porter have argued, this is a form of misogyny – and for me, these were the lessons of the classroom and the playground that were my reality for eight years. They were lessons reinforced by teachers who, in their “dark sarcasm” were hardly any better than the kids who in groups would ambush you to “teach you a lesson” in a quiet corner of the street as you walked home. A lot of people argue that bullying makes you strong, but for those who feel the pain inescapably, it can just as easily make you weak.  

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=td1PbsV6B80]

“My liberation as a man is tied to your liberation as a woman.”

A Call to Men – Tony Porter (TED)

In more recent times, I’ve seen another side of Catholic education – one that involves genuinely caring for the individual, the celebration of social justice, gender equality, positivity and following in the footsteps of some remarkable men and women. This environment has taught me a different lesson and very often, my teachers have been girls between the ages of twelve and eighteen. I chose this environment partly for something different and partly because I wanted to run away from the boys that had made me weak. 

What extraordinary lessons I’ve learned when, like many teachers, I claim to have learned far more in my time in the classroom than I have “taught.” It’s from women and girls that I’ve learned what real strength is. Our world is full of life-changing stories of females that have half the physical strength of their male counterparts, making up for it tenfold in emotional strength and compassion (and we all know that that’s the real strength). In particular, it’s through the women I’ve known that I learned to let my guard down, open up, feel emotion and ultimately be the person I wanted to be. The qualities that I sought to hide, dismiss or even have disappear – the love of language, perspective, sensitivity, expression and compassion – are the same qualities that women have valued in me. Perhaps more important than anything in this world, women have taught me empathy. Maybe that’s why those like the Dalai Lama believe that women can and should lead on a much larger scale than before:

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vH29NiK1dUE]

The Power of Women – Dalai Lama

Ah, but that’s the problem – doesn’t it sound easy? So many women can empathise with the kind of bullying, violent behaviour and subjugation that I experienced. New data from WHO is telling us that more than a third of the world’s women are victims of violence. In light of these and other statistics, I’d be a fool to think that my childhood experiences (now well in the past) can really help me to fully appreciate and completely empathise with the violence and suffering that so many women in the world endure, from the time they are born (just think of female infanticide) to death (think higher mortality rates in many areas like domestic violence, crime and childbirth in the developing world). When I walk the streets in my male body, I’m in a different space – one that’s far removed from the kind of violence and bullying that plagued me as a child. Perhaps for me, the nightmare is over – but it would be naive to think that other’s nightmares are as short-lived. 

On the other hand, perhaps what I’ve been through and done counts for something small? As a male teacher teaching girls, I knew I wanted the best for them (that’s really not saying much: all teachers want the best for their kids). I knew that I could use my emotional strength to help them to become stronger. I learned from research that indicates the positive role that male role models can play in the lives of adolescent girls. I took as much time to listen non-judgementally – and while I knew I couldn’t fully relate, I’d let them know, whenever possible, that I would try as much as I could to relate. As a Music teacher, I taught my girls to be angry about the fact that western art Music is a five hundred year story of dead, white males. As a technology teacher, I was fascinated by the girls whose understanding of how computers work at times eclipsed my own understanding. As an English teacher, I told the stories of women burning bras in the 70s. I embraced writers like Jane Austen and her satirical critique on the dependence of women on men – the need to “marry well” – as a socially-constructed economic reality that could be changed, and has since changed because of the thoughts and actions of countless women. My wife once told me that the younger girls “need to hear these stories from you – otherwise they won’t really appreciate them.” Listening to girls and women decry feminists (one girl once told me that women who promoted equal rights “were just a bunch of Nazi femo-cows”), I can sometimes see this.

In the time since I left high school, my confidence has multiplied tenfold. I’m more aware of who I am and what really matters in life. As a teacher, I’m probably over confident, a quality that – through what educators call the “hidden curriculum” – has meant my students appear similarly confident, ready to stick their hands up, express opinions at the drop of a hat and dive into tasks even when they’re not entirely sure of what to do. Maybe these are all good things – and maybe our gender has some deeper meaning to the purpose of life – or maybe we simply are who we are?

So, does it matter whether my wife and I have a boy or a girl? Not really. As I said before, in spite of the coloured clothes, childhood taunts, economic realities and grim statistics, we’re probably much more biologically similar than different. Like any parent, I’ll do the best I can in the time that I have. But like all of life’s great mysteries, you have to know the rules before you can break them. I hope to give them, at least, a little head start on that score. 

 

 

Create, Curate or Consume – A Critical Choice for Future Learners

2011 has been such a busy year – for me personally and for the whole world. Reflection in the face of such adversity and there is always barrage of events that grip us, challenge us and occasionally swallow us up and spit us out. In 2011, I experienced all of these things and more and I’m glad that I’m a better person for it.

 

As an educator, it’s my job to help make sense of a world that I so often struggle to understand for myself. In recent years, my classes have been polarised – as a Connected Learning teacher in Year 7, senior (Years 11-12) English and several teacher groups for ICT, I see the ends of the secondary school spectrum and like to think I have a good perspective on learners from a wide range of ages. I see at both sides of the spectrum the innate desire to understand our world and find our place in it. This is never easy, but technology helps us if we know how to use it – and I wouldn’t be able to understand the world as I do without it.

 

Despite the old analogies of digital “natives” and “immigrants,” I see twelve year olds who struggle endlessly with technology just as I see learners over 60 whose use surpasses my own in sophistication and understanding. More than anything, I see my job as a connector, helping the right person to find and use the right tool for the right job.

 

While technology is changing rapidly, it’s important to take heart in a few constants. For me, life with technology is unpredictable, being both stressful and empowering; both frustrating and liberating. At the same time, I see very little change to the way that we as a global society make use of technology and our use boils down to three basic verbs: to consume, to curate or to create. Having done all three in various combinations, frequencies and sequences over the years, I remain convinced that in order to value and maintain an open society in which learners can genuinely become the people they want to be, we need to promote all three of these approaches in education.

 

The problem seems to be that we too often emphasise consumption at the cost of both creation and curation. Without all three, we can’t live sustainably. Endless and mindless consumption of the world’s resources – whether ideas, media, food, resources or values – fails to create anything new or value-adding, including solutions to the problems of our own making.

 

So, for 2012, I’d like to promote a better balance in my own teaching and help my students to:

  1. be better critical consumers of resources;
  2. become curators of what helps us to help one another and become the people we want to be; and
  3. create our own expressions of self sustainably and compassionately.

 

I’m excited about technology for education and what it holds for this year and into the future.

Technology Lessons from Travel

For the past week or so, I’ve been on the road, so to speak, travelling on holiday in Mexico. A frequent traveller who likes to soak up the culture of the country in which I find myself, I’m nonetheless unable to disconnect from reality and spend much of my time connected through social media, email, Skype, podcasts and RSS feeds to the friends, family and world back home.

I’m always milling through a few questions in my mind before I travel, such as:

1. which device/s to take;

2. how to get connected – whether through wifi, 3g or a combination of the two; and

3. which platforms to use for blogging, sharing and communicating.

Central to my decision-making in all of the above is the extent to which I need to be productive while on holiday, the tools that I know and the workflows that support the things I generally need to do. This holiday’s been a really interesting one for two reasons: first, having to attend the conference in Grand Rapids, I opted to take the technology ‘works,’ including my iPhone (unlocked), iPod, iPad, digital camera and MacBook; and, second, the fact that my MacBook died on me three days into the trip, leaving me with the iPad as my primary computing device.

A frequent blogger, I need to be able to compose entries offline and include images, videos and audio where necessary. For this reason, I love third party applications that connect with WordPress and Blogger APIs and often use MarsEdit on the Mac or Blogsy on the iPad. My main concern with these tools, and with web apps generally is the extent to which they genuinely support offline use and the extent to which they cater to users with limited bandwidth. Having to subsist on the iPad, I’m happy to report that with a combination of Blogsy for blogging, Photogene for image resizing and uploading and the iPad SD card connector, I’m able to blog through both WordPress and Blogger with relative ease and on a very limited connection (resizing the images down to 640×480 reduces each image from a whopping 1.9 mb to a mere 140 kb). It’d be nice if Blogsy let me position and queue the images and text offline, but for now I’ll make do – and I’ll certainly consider the iPad sufficient for the next holiday.

Having said all of this, trips where I’m often scrounging for a wifi signal and wasting valuable time uploading images when I could be just enjoying myelf make me appreciate a nice constant broadband or good-quality 3G connection. They also make me aware of the circumstances in which the vast majority of people in the world get connected (or not) on a daily basis. In as much as I’ll pressure the developers of the apps I use to support offline and limited connectivity/bandwidth, I’d also like to pressure app and website developers to consider users in developing world contexts, especially those who access the web through tiny mobile devices and much older 2G and 1G standards. If we’re serious about equity and the potential of technology to vastly improve the living standards of so many around the world, we need to be thinking about how we support older technologies and limited access at the same time as paving the way forward for the world of newer and faster.

Professional Learning 2.0 – a starting point…

It’s only 11:34 am, and already it’s been a jam-packed day at New Schools Training in Grand Rapids, Michigan (where I’ll be for the next week). The conference is geared around training new US schools (many of which are charter schools) in effectively implementing PBL. Although many of the components have a strong practical focus, at the moment we’re working on strategic directions for Caroline Chisholm College.

I’m particularly excited by the ways that we’re using Web 2.0 and cloud-based pedagogies to effectively collaborate as a team. Check out the video below, where I describe the NewTechNetwork’s LMS, Echo, and how we’ve integrated this with Google Apps for Education. I’m also keenly following the Twitter feed – #NST2011- to stay up to date with some of the ideas that are circulating:

[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28GBzq6HGFA&hl=en&fs=1]

 

It’s also really exciting to be able to share our collaboration with wider communities, including teachers back home. Tools like Facebook, WordPress YouTube and Twitter are especially powerful media and I’m delighted to see that the leaders at my school are now understanding this for themselves, first-hand. The working document that we’ve generated via Google Docs will be an important first step when communicating some of our ideas in future leadership and executive meetings back at school next term.

Heavy Cloud but No Rain

 

Icloud questions
It’s certainly been a very interesting week in consumer technology, thanks to Apple’s latest announcements at WWDC. As always, Apple has come up trumps in generating typically insane levels of marketing hype, and as always, the technorati are keen to explore the affordances of the technologies within the consumer tech sphere.
As an educator, I’m beginning to get quite cynical about what at the best of times seems to be a tenuous relationship between consumer tech and education. I think this kind of cynicism has its place when we consider the disparity between the profit-driven motives of large corporations and the learning outcomes-driven motives of good educators around the world.
Having implemented Google Apps for Education quite successfully in my school (at zero cost), I’m nonetheless keenly interested in some of the emerging cloud pedagogies now possible when we move away from device-centric computing and into the realm of real-time collaboration. It was in this light that I looked quite closely at some of the features of Apple’s new iCloud service. On the face of it, a few things come to mind:
1. iCloud is heavily monetized and incentivized – and has to be.  On the back of failed MobileMe, Apple now appears to be realizing that when it comes to the cloud, free is the new black. I think it will be interesting to see just how far and how long Apple’s version of free will go. For one thing, I’ll  be interested to see what Apple offers some of its so-called distinguished Apple Schools of Excellence. For another, I’ll be keen to know how far the free cloud goes when it comes to non-Apple devices in non-Apple proprietary contexts – like the developing world, or within open source communities that promote technology access for cash-strapped  long tail markets.
2. Apple’s new cloud service is very much a part of the Apple eco-system that promotes the feel-good cult of Mac. As such, the profit-based agendas behind the service are all about selling units – iPods, iPhones, iPads and MacBooks – and encouraging the user as much as possible to stay within the eco-system, even if the service itself never makes money. Educators need to be especially skeptical of locked-in experiences that rely on specific devices.
3. There’s a strategic approach behind the adoption of this technology geared towards the eco-system, with small perks built in at every stage. The announcement of Mac OS X Lion and iOS 5 along with iCloud more than suggests that the consumer is buying into the whole experience as a way of future-proofing, rather than selecting services and devices to meet existing needs. In many education contexts, existing needs far outweigh the hypothetical need for future-proofing.
4. Apple’s model of “the cloud as the hub” is in some respects a brave new world phenomenon and one that will take time for many consumers to absorb. In other respects, though, it’s been criticized as hardly new and much more a case of “iSync” – where data is merely pushed across devices using the Internet as a conduit-  than than a genuine iCloud, where both storage and functionality live on the internet itself, making high-level processing and real-time collaboration possible for those with older devices, mobile devices and so on.
In saying all of these things, what bugs me the most is that education seems to come a distant second – and as much as I am a strong exponent of the cloud in education, I’m far from impressed by Apple’s latest announcements.
So the weather forecast?
– Competition has got to be good and the price of free is a keen driver to competition;
– Consumer tech will always be followed by tech in corporate spaces and then eventually education. It’s up to us to begin to explore the affordances and limitations of technologies – and then be the drivers of change.
– Openness is still important (in fact, never more so) and one needs to question the extent to which Apple’s business model – predicated on proprietary software running on proprietary hardware – will support openness.

 

Writing on the Reading 2.0

Write on reading

One of my favourite teaching strategies for active reading is the tried-and-true method Write on the Reading, from the Project for the Enhancement of Effective Learning (PEEL) an organisation of teachers who promote good learning behaviours through strategies targeting poor learning tendencies. In this case, annotating readings with notes – questions, points of contention, and so on – is a strategy that helps students to avoid superficial reading. I’ve embellished my writings-on-readings with colours to represent styles of thinking and organising principles, finding that students comprehend much more than with traditional reading and can readily apply their own opinions more effectively to the ideas in the text.

Recently, with my Year 11 Advanced English class, we’ve been exploring the version 2.0 of this strategy – a writing-on-reading of critical literature on Jane Austen in preparation for our comparative study of Emma and Clueless. I wanted my students to really appreciate the historical context in which Austen authored her novels and thereby have a much better understanding than they would if reading Emma ‘cold turkey.’

Screen shot 2011 06 02 at 5 51 25 PM

Google Docs makes conversion of PDF files, Word documents and other document formats easy, and we’ve found the comments feature really interesting for discussing the text in the margins. Here’s the start of a conversation about anonymity and female authorship in the early C.19th.

 

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I love the way that these comments are recorded for future reference, and have found that discussing the comments can often be more insightful than a discussion of the original text. As an English teacher, I believe that what we bring to our analysis of texts is just as important as the texts themselves and I find myself learning so much from my own analyses and those of my kids.

I’ve also really enjoyed exploring colours and fonts as a way of representing different thinking styles and organising principles. As a starting point, I recommend teachers consider simple approaches, like:

Red = points of contention

Blue = big ideas

Black = further explanation/elaboration of ideas and/or key concepts

Green = other examples from outside the text

Of course, the most exciting feature of this technology is the extent to which it enables genuine collaboration. For this activity, I shared the text with my entire class and was amazed to see how effectively we were able to read the text, discuss, annotate and apply the information all in one lesson!

Re-thinking Mind Maps

 

Min map
I invented this cognitive organiser partly out of frustration with mind maps in general. I feel that in terms of the way they are most often used, simple mind maps promote closed, lower-order thinking that at best shows an ability to organise ideas into headings and sub-headings (or topics/sub-topics) and, at worst, a simple form of word association – which are easy enough to get from a thesaurus.
My four-colour+ style of mind map uses colours to show increasing layers of complexity and/or specificity. A legend to the right allows the student to demonstrate the types of thinking or organising principles used for each of the colours, with the idea that as the map builds outward, the thinking will become more sophisticated, progressing from individual words/ideas to more structured sentences (e.g. quotations, problems, solutions, own thinking, etc.).
Rachel's map
You can see this with the Iago example, where Rachel has started with character adjectives and then built outwards to include situations/events, key quotes, language features/techniques and even added her own colour (pink) to explain her synthesised ideas. Rachel made her own decisions about what the colours would represent as part of constructing the mind map, using mine as suggestions (and I would of course emphasise this all the more for brighter students). The PEEL strategy of “Challenge the organising principle” is an important one for effectively planning a good four colour+ mind map.
Screen shot 2011 05 28 at 5 35 21 PM
Of course, the mind map works well on good old-fashioned paper – but the template you see here has been submitted by me to the my school’s templates gallery – so is fully customisable within Google Docs.